Various Kinds of Computer Hardware

On this occasion, I will review the understanding and various computer hardware or hardware. 
Computer itself has been widely used by many people. Physically, the computer also has components that are called hardware.
understanding of the hardware or the hardware is the physical components that make up a computer system.

Hardware itself has different properties with a software that can be seen, touched and real shape.

1. Motherboard

The motherboard is the circuit board that serves as a computer components such as processor, hard drive, RAM and others. The motherboard itself in the form of main board PCB-shaped and has a BIOS chip, lines and connectors that serves to connect each device.

2. Processor

Processor is an IC that controls the entire operations of a computer system. Processor or CPU (Central Processing Unit) can be regarded as the brains of a computer, because the charge of doing the calculations and govern the program to be executed by the computer.

3. Hard Disk

Hard disk or hard disk drive (HDD) is a computer hardware that serves as a storage medium. In a hard disk, there are more than one disc that functions increase the data capacity that can be accommodated by the hard disk.

4. PC Cooler / Heatsink

PC cooler / heatsink is a computer device that serves to reduce the heat generated by the computer. Given the heat on a computer can damage other hardware in it, then the role of the PC cooler / heatsink is essential.

5. Monitor

Monitor is one of the hardware that is classified as an output function displays the results in the form of graphical data processing. Each brand has a monitor size and resolution are different. The types of monitors are the most common today is a CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) monitors and LCD (Liquid Crystal Display).

6. SSD

SSD or Solid State Drive is the latest innovation from its predecessor the hard disk. SSD is a storage medium that uses a type of solid state memory for data storage. SSD also has the same function as a hard disk, but a little different from the hard disk.


Data on the SSD is stored on-chip flash memory chips are connected to each other. These chips have the speed and reliability higher than USB Thumb Drive (UFD). In terms of pricing, SSD are more expensive than HDD although with the same capacity.

7. VGA Card

VGA or Video Graphics Adapter is a hardware device that functions to process data graphics to be displayed by the monitor. VGA also has a processor which is called GPU (Graphic Processing Unit). Typically the hardware is needed, especially for gamers and designers.

8. Optical Drive

Optical drives are one atu hardware that functions reading (read) and write (write) data from CDs / DVDs. There are several types of optical drives that you need to know, such as: CD ROM drive, CD RW, DVD ROM drive and others.

9. Power Supply

Power Supply is hardware that functions as a power supply to other components such as motherboard, processor, VGA, etc. Power supply is arguably the heart of the computer, so the computer is impossible to live without this device.

10. RAM

RAM or Random Access Memory is the hardware that hold data and instructions performed by the processor. In contrast to the hard disk, storage in RAM is temporary. So when the computer is turned off, the data and instructions stored by the RAM will be lost / emptied unless the computer is in hibernate mode.

11. Keyboard

The keyboard is a keyboard that is classified as input devices. The keyboard itself is made up of rows of letters and numbers. There are different types of keyboards, among others: the QWERTY keyboard, the Dvorak keyboard, the keyboard KLOCKENBERG, Maltron keyboard, keyboard alphabetik and Numeric keyboard.

12. Mouse

As with the keyboard, the mouse is also classified as input devices. Function mouse to move the cursor or pointing the application you want to run. This device is called a mouse, because its shape resembles a mouse. There are many types of mouse, among other things: a serial mouse, PS2 mouse, USB mouse and wireless mouse.

13. Printer

Similarly, monitor, printer hardware is classified as an output. The printer prints the data processing functions such as text / images on paper (hard copy). Based on the technology used today, the types of printers that were encountered are Dotmatrix printer, Inkjet printer and Laserjet printers.

14. Sound Card

Sound Card is hardware that functions to process data in the form of audio or voice. At first, the computer sound card only complement, but now the sound card is a device that must be owned by the user of the computer.

15. Scanner

Scanner is a hardware device that has a way of working is almost the same as photocopying. In contrast to the workings of the copier, scanner function to change the hard file into digital files that can be processed in a computer.

16. LCD Projector

LCD projector is one type of projector that is usually used to display video and pictures from a computer on a screen or on a field that has a flat surface. To display the video / image, LCD projectors send light from the metal halide lamp and then forwarded to the prism where the light will be scattered on three polysilikon panel, which is a component of red, green, and blue on the video signal.

17. Modem

The modem has an extension Modulator Demodulator. The modem itself serves convert digital signals into analog signals. Data from the computer in the form of digital signals converted by the modem into data in the form of analog signals, when the modem is receiving data from the outside in the form of analog signals, the modem will turn it back into digital form so that the data can be processed by computers.

18. NIC / LAN Card

NIC or Network Interface Card is a card that serves to connect computers to the Internet network. There are currently two types of NICs are known, among which are physical NIC (example: NIC Ethernet, Token Ring, etc.) and logical NIC (example: Loopback Adapter and Dial-up Adapter).

19. Speaker

Speaker is a device made of metal, membranes, coils and magnets. Speaker has an important role in removing the processing results in the form of sound. Speaker function properly if it is supported by a device called a sound card.

20. Webcam

Webcam is a digital camera connected to a computer. Most of today's webcam blends with the laptop screen. Webcams are also commonly used to take pictures and video through the Internet.

Hopefully this post useful thank you :)

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Computer History

Computers are tools used to process the data according to the commands that have been formulated. Computer word originally used to describe people who perkerjaannya perform arithmetic calculations, with or without hearing aids, but the meaning of the word is then transferred to the machine itself. Origins, processing information almost exclusively related to arithmetical problems, but modern computers are used for many tasks unrelated to mathematics.

Broadly, the computer can be defined as an electronic device that consists of several components, which can work together between the components with one another to produce an information based programs and data. The computer components are included: Screen Monitor, CPU, keyboard, mouse and printer (as a complement). Without a computer printer can still do its job as a data processor, but not limited to visible screen monitor in print form (paper).

In such a definition is a tool such as slide rules, mechanical calculators types ranging from abacus and so on, until all the contemporary electronic computers. The term better suited to a broad sense such as "computer" is "that process information" or "information processing systems."

Today, computers are increasingly sophisticated. However, before the computer is not small, sophisticated, cool and light as now. In the history of computers, there are five generations in the history of computers.

• The first generation computer

The first generation of computers is the ENIAC, which was the world's first electronic computer that has a weight weighing 30 tons, length 30 M and 2.4 M and require high electrical power 174 kilowatts. This first generation computers using vacuum tubes (vacuum-tube) glass for a signal amplifier. But it still has many obstacles such as: easy to break, and quickly distribute the heat.The historical development of the computer is the first generation to have the following characteristics:

1.     At this generai computer is still a lot of heat.
2.     Elektronikanya use components made of Vacuum Tubes (Vacuum Tube).
3.     The program is made in machine language (Machine Language), whose program is stored in computer memory.
4.     Utuk mengoprasikannya also require considerable electrical force.
5.     Capacity provided for penyimpannan data is very small and limited.
6.     The program is still using machine language using codes 0 and 1 in a certain order.
7.     The process is relatively slow.
8.     Has a size or shape that is so great that it needs a room wide enough only to put this computer.
9.     The main orientation in business applications.
10.     Use outside the system of magnetic tape and magnetic disk.

• Second generation computer

The historical development of the second generation born in the 1960s, the invention of the transistor sanggat are affecting the development of the computer at the time. Dapatb transistor replaced the vacuum tubes. And it is certainly altering all sizes of electrical machines. The transistor used in computers around the 1956's. Another invention is the development of magnetic-core memory to help the development of second generation computers smaller, faster, more reliable, and more energy efficient than the computer generation computer pertama.Perkembangan This second generation has the following characteristics:

1. Programs can be created with high-level languages ​​(high level language), such as FORTRAN, COBOL, ALGOL.
2.     The capacity of the main memory is already quite large
3.     Sirkutinya is a transistor.
4.     The physical size of the computer smaller than the first generation computer
5.     Does not require too much electricity
6.     oriented business and engineering
7.     Operation process has been fast

• Third Generation Computers

The third generation of computers is a very rapid development of the development of the existing computer. The third generation of computers appeared since the 1965-1971's. The transistor is considered inefficient longer makes scientists look for other alternatives and later found on a stone quartz (Quartz rock). Jack Kilby, an engineer at Texas Instruments, developed the integrated circuit (IC: integrated circuit) in 1958. This is an innovation that could boost the emergence of third generation computers.

• Fourth generation computer

 

Once the IC is found, the more rapid development of computer and clear. In 1971 chip INTEL 4004 brought major advances in the world of IC, Intel managed to incorporate all the components within a computer (central processing unit, memory, and control input / output) into a single chip is very small, if previously used IC to perform a specific job Just then during this period the microprocessor can be produced and programmed to run all the needs that diinginkan.Perkembangan Fourth generation computers have the following characteristics:

1. Developed microcomputer that utilizes a micro processor and semiconductor in the form of chips for computer memory.
2.     In this generation computers are already cursing Large Scale Integration (LSI)

• Fifth Generation Computer

Historical development of fifth generation computers are computers that we use today where this generation is characterized by the emergence: LSI (Large Scale Integration) which is the solidification of thousands microprocessor into a microprocesor. In addition, it is also marked by the advent of the microprocessor and semi-conductor. Companies that make the micro-processor include: Intel Corporation, Motorola, Zilog and others. In the market we can see the microprocessor from Intel with models 4004, 8088, 80286, 80386, 80486, and Pentium. Pentium-4 is the latest production from Intel Corporation that is expected to cover all the weaknesses that exist in previous products, in addition, the ability and speed of the Pentium-4 also increased to 2 GHz. The images that appear to be smoother and sharper, in addition to the speed of processing, sending or receiving pictures also becomes faster.

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