Network Topology

Network topology itself is a form / structure of the network that connects computers to one another using wired or wireless media.

In a network installation, we have to actually pay attention to the type, the advantages and disadvantages of each topology of the network that will be used. Here are the types of network topologies and their pros and cons:

Various Kinds of Computer Network Topology

1. Topology Ring
In the ring topology each computer is connected to another computer, and so on until returning again to the computer first, and form a circle so called ring, this topology communicate using the data token to control access rights computers to receive data, for example, the computer 1 will send the file to the computer 4 , then the data will pass through the computer 2 and 3 to be received by the computer 4, so a computer will continue sending data if the destination is not the IP address him.

• The advantages of computer network topology ring is in the process of installation and ease of installation, use a little amount lan cables thus saving costs.

•     The most fatal shortcoming of this topology is, if one of the computers or its cable problem, then the data transmission will be interrupted even error.

2. Bus Topology
Computer network topology bus neatly arranged like a queue and use only one coaxial cable and each computer connected to the cable using BNC connectors, and both ends of the coaxial cable must be terminated by a terminator.

• The advantages of the bus is almost the same as the ring, the cable used is not much and saves installation costs.

•     Shortage of bus topology is that if there is interference or problems on one computer can interfere with other computer networks, and this topology is very difficult to detect disturbances, frequent occurrence of data queue, and if the distance is too far to be using a repeater.

3. Star Topology
This topology is formed like a star because all computers connected to a hub or switch with UTP cable, so that the hub / switch was the center of the network and served to control data traffic, so if the computer 1 wants to send data to the computer 4, the data will be sent to switch and immediately send it to the destination computer without passing through another computer. Computer network topology is the most widely used today because of its advantages more.

• The advantages of this topology is very easy to detect which computer is broken, it is easy to perform addition or subtraction without disturbing the other computer, as well as the security level of the data higher.

•     The drawback of this computer is the network topology, requires a high cost for installation, as it requires a lot of cables and switches / hubs and network stability is highly dependent on the central terminal, so that if a switch / hub impaired, then the entire network will be disrupted.

4. Mesh Topology
In this topology each computer will be connected to another computer in the network using a single cable, so the data transmission process will directly reach the destination computer without going through another computer or a switch or hub

• The advantages is the shipping process faster and without going through another computer, if one of the computers were damaged will not interfere with other computers.

•     Disadvantages of this topology is clear, it will take very many costs because it requires a huge amount of cable and each computer must have a Port I / O that many, but it is very complicated installation process.

 5. Topology Tree
Computer network topology Tree is a combination of several star topology that connecting it to the bus topology, so any star topology will be connected to a star topology the other using a bus topology, usually in this topology, there are several levels of networks, and the networks are at a higher level can control networks that are at a lower level.

• Excess tree topology is easy to find a fault and also easily make changes to the network if necessary.

•     Its shortcoming is using a lot of wiring, frequent collisions and slow, if something goes wrong on the network level is high, then low-level network will be disrupted as well.

6. Topology Linear (linear topology)
Commonly referred to as beruntut bus topology, the layout of this type is the general layout. One main cable connects each connection point computer connected to the connector called Connector-T and in the end must be terminated with a terminator. BNC connectors are used manifold British Naval Connector: British Maritime Connector, actually BNC connector name instead of the name of the cable, the cable used is RG 58 (thinnet coaxial cable).

 
Beruntut bus topology installation is very simple and cheap but can only consist of 5-7 computers.

•     BNC cable connector is used to connect the cable to the connector-T.
•     -T BNC connector is used to connect the cable to the computer.
•     BNC connector tube (BNC barrel connector) is used to connect two BNC cables.
•     BNC terminator used ntuk marks the end of a bus topology.

Profit

•     Storing cord
•     The layout is simple cable
•     Easily developed
•     No need control center
•     Addition or subtraction terminator can be done without disrupting ongoing operations

Weakness

•     Fault detection and isolation is very small
•     High traffic density
•     Less reliable data security
•     The speed will decrease when the number of users increases
•     Repeater is required (repeater) for long distance.

7. Topology Hybrid
The combination of two or more different topologies to create a hybrid topology. When the different basic topologies are connected to each other, they do not display the characteristics of any one particular topology. This is when it becomes a hybrid topology.

Advantages
Flexibility

•     Adding another device connection is easy, because the nodes and / or new peripherals can be connected to the topology and topology can be connected with the word hybrid topologies with ease.

Deficiency

•     Managing difficult
•     Cost is expensive compared to other topologies
•     Installation and configuration topology difficult

8.Topology Broadcast
Simply explained is the host that sends data to all other hosts on the network medium.

9. Topology Hierarchy
Shaped like a branching tree of the host computer that is connected to a switch with another node or nodes in stages, a higher level of functioning as pengetur employment levels underneath, topology is commonly used by large companies or large organization that has several local branches, so that the data from the center can be distributed to branches or vice versa.

Advantages

•     Centralized data management hierarchical data so that better and easier
•     Controlled; Easily develop into a wider network;

Deficiency

•     Computer underneath can not dioprasikan if the cable on the upper level computer is disconnected
•     There may be a file collision (collision)

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